WDR(ヴェー・デー・エア)西ドイツ放送局の人気科学テレビ番組クォーク・アンド・コー(Quarks & Co)で2012年3月に放送された、原発事故から1年後の福島に関するドキュメンタリー番組(Radioaktive Ruinen – Ein Jahr Aufräumarbeiten in Fukushima, „Quarks & Co” vom 06.03.2012)の動画。
ところが、2016年1月5日にこのプロスワンに掲載された中国人研究者の論文「Biomechanical Characteristics of Hand Coordination in Grasping Activities of Daily Living」(日常生活での把持動作における手の協調運動の生体力学的な特徴)が、研究者に衝撃を与えています。
“The explicit functional link indicates thatthe biomechanical characteristic of tendinous connective architecture between muscles and articulations is the proper design by the Creator to perform a multitude of daily tasks in a comfortable way.”(http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146193)
“In conclusion, our study can improve the understanding of the human hand and confirm that the mechanical architecture is the proper design by the Creator for dexterous performance of numerous functions following the evolutionary remodeling of the ancestral hand for millions of years.”(http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146193)
と結論付けています。
この論文を掲載した雑誌社に対して、「プロスワンはもはやジョークだ!」という激しい反応も。
Plos One is now a joke. “….proper design of the Creator” absolute joke of a journal https://t.co/AJexYjewoo
A shameful actPosted by easouti on 03 Mar 2016 at 23:18 GMTRegretfully I have to withdraw my support for the journal as a reviewer. Also to bring this shameful incident to the attention of my academic colleagues and students who might consider submitting their work for publication at PLOS ONE.
この騒動を受けて、PLOS ONEの編集部は、2016年3月4日にこの論文を取り下げました。
RetractionFollowing publication, readers raised concerns about language in the article that makes references to a ‘Creator’, and about the overall rationale and findings of the study. Upon receiving these concerns, the PLOS ONE editors have carried out an evaluation of the manuscript and the pre-publication process, and they sought further advice on the work from experts in the editorial board. This evaluation confirmed concerns with the scientific rationale, presentation and language, which were not adequately addressed during peer review. Consequently, the PLOS ONE editors consider that the work cannot be relied upon and retract this publication. The editors apologize to readers for the inappropriate language in the article and the errors during the evaluation process.4 Mar 2016: The PLOS ONE Staff (2016) Retraction: Biomechanical Characteristics of Hand Coordination in Grasping Activities of Daily Living. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151685 View retraction
Response about the incorrected use of the wordPosted by Mingjin on 03 Mar 2016 at 12:10 GMT
We are sorry for drawing the debates about creationism. Our study has no relationship with creationism. English is not our native language. Our understanding of the word ?Creator? was not actually as a native English speaker expected. Now we realized that we had misunderstood the word ?Creator?. What we would like to express is that the biomechanical characteristic of tendious connective architecture between muscles and articulations is a proper ?design? by the ‘”nature”‘ (result of evolution) to perform a multitude of daily grasping tasks. We will change the ?Creator? to ?nature? in the revised manuscript. We apologize for any troubles may have caused by this misunderstanding.
Part 1 – Editing and Publishing in PLoS One Journal (youtu.be/UQ1kD70L2bo) Talk given by J. David Creswell, a professor in the Psychology department, on editing and publishing in PLoS One journals. Part 1 of the “Open Scholarship for Graduate Students and Early Career Researchers”, event on International Open Access Week held at Carnegie Mellon University on October 22, 2013.
A Senior PLOS Editor Speaks! Advice on Getting Published in PLOS One and Observations about Trends in Publishing (youtu.be/Cb8gVst1dbI) Speaker: Elizabeth Silva, M.Sc. Ph.D., Associate Editor, PLOS One 8/28/13
PLoS ONEとOAメガジャーナルの興隆(第5 回 SPARC Japan セミナー2011「OAメガジャーナルの興隆」 ピーター・ビンフィールド(パブリック・ライブラリー・オブ・サイエンス))
Harold Varmus (NCI/PLoS): Changing the Way We Publish (youtu.be/7Xh3ZFxJpZU) In 2003, Dr. Varmus co-founded the Public Library of Science (PLoS), an open access forum for publishing scientific papers in biology or medicine.
Contributions H.O. designed and conducted the experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper. M.Y. designed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the paper. S.T. and T.O. supervised the project.
retracted 13 January 2016
Masayuki Yamato, Satoshi Tsuneda and Teruo Okano would like to retract this protocol after concerns were raised by the community about some of the figures. Specifically, concerns were raised that the fourth graph in Figure 5a and the first graph in Figure 5b look very similar, and some of the error bars look unevenly positioned. Masayuki Yamato, Satoshi Tsuneda and Teruo Okano have been unable to locate some of the raw data to verify these figures and are no longer confident in the paper’s results. Given that these results are key to demonstrating the reliability and reproducibility of the protocol, these authors wish to retract the protocol, and they sincerely apologize for the adverse consequences that may have resulted from its publication. Haruko Obokata could not be reached by the journal for comment on the retraction. (http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v11/n3/full/nprot0316-616a.html)
小保方論文についてはNatureに出たSTAP細胞論文とTissue Eng. Aの論文について不正疑惑が出てますが、その陰に隠れてNat. Protocol.に2011年に出した論文でも怪しい点が指摘されているんです。それが、この図。Fig.5aのNumber of B cellsとFig.5bのNumber of neutrophilsの値がクリソツすぎる。違う細胞種を異なる条件で実験してるのに、この一致ぶりは奇跡。(もう一つの小保方論文のストーリー anond.hatelabo.jp 2014-02-23)
2nd&3rd panels in left col of fig5 of Obokata et al 2011, doi:10.1038/nprot.2011.356). Appear same (except errors). pic.twitter.com/VxnjguBJ8P
How to Write a Great Research Paper by Professor Simon Peyton Jones, Microsoft Research. (youtu.be/g3dkRsTqdDA) 28:40- #7 Listen to your readers. Get your paper read by as many friendly guinea pigs as possible.
Writing science in plain English by Dr Lynn Dicks, manager of the Conservation Evidence project at the University of Cambridge. (youtu.be/Mn7f5tsgjx8) RULE 1: Put important messages at the start RULE 2: Write short sentences RULE 3: One sentence one idea RULE 4: Vary the rhythm RULE 5: Break the text into small chunks RULE 6: Avoid making nouns from verbs RULE 7: Avoid jargon RULE 8: Avoid long words RULE 9: Do not be afraid of repetition RULE 10: Avoid acronyms RULE 11: Cut out redundant words RULE 12: Use the active voice
原題の科学論文は一定の形式を持っており、タイトル、要旨、序論(Introduction)、材料と方法(Materials and Methods)(ジャーナルによっては最後)、結果(Results)、そして考察(Discussion)から構成されています。頭文字をとって、IMRaD (Introduction、Method、Result and Discussion)と呼ばれることもあります。順序だけでなく、各々のセクションをどう書くべきかはある程度決まっており、その原則から外れた書き方をすると、科学論文としての体をなさなくなります。以下、論文の書き方を各セクションごとに説明したYOUTUBE動画やネット上の記事を紹介します。ちなみに、研究者が論文の原稿を書くときにこの順で書き進めるというわけではありません。実際に書くときは、図表を完成させてストーリーをつくる順に並べ、本文の構成の骨組みを書き出し、それから肉付けするのがよいと思います。いきなり書き始めずに、骨組み(構想)をまず書き出す作業をすることが大事です。そうしないと書いているうちに迷走します。
The Introduction to a research paper needs to convince the reader that your work is important and relevant, frame the questions being addressed, and provide context for the findings being presented. (Getting a Strong Start: Best Practices for Writing an Introduction by Michael Bendiksby) ← この文書には、科学論文のイントロの意義、イントロに含めるべき内容・事項、イントロの具体的な書き方が簡潔に述べられていて、非常に濃い内容になっています。
Although the fundamental purpose of your Results section is to present your data, it should never simply be a collection of numbers and tables. This part of the paper should be a story within a story. It presents an opportunity to lead the reader from one important result to the next, guiding them from initial and supporting findings to the novel discoveries that are your reason for publishing. To achieve this, the Results section should generally follow the same pattern as the Methods, following the order of data acquisition as closely as possible in most cases. However, it is more important to use a logical presentation sequence than it is to be strictly chronological. Ideally, each new set of results should build on the previous ones, presenting a logical narrative that makes sense to the reader and leads them to the conclusions you will ultimately ask them to subscribe to. (Reaping the Rewards: Best Practices for Writing a Results Section by Michael Bendiksby)
Getting Published: How to Write a Good Science Paper, by Dr. Chris Mack (Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS)(youtu.be/yvhYTdEMyC8) 17:00- Introduction Section 18:23- Method Section 19:46- Results and Discussion Section 21:33- Conclusion Section
(LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration) Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 – Published 11 February 2016. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102)
CONCLUSION
The LIGO detectors have observed gravitational waves from the merger of two stellar-mass black holes. The detected waveform matches the predictions of general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger. (DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102)
Gravitational Waves Discovered Proving Einstein’s Theory (Sequence Media Group)
Search for Gravitational Waves by LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Particle Physics at the Year of 250th Anniversary of Moscow University (page 152) :””In the last few years a number of long-baseline, laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors have begun operation. These include the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors located in Hanford, Washington and 3000 km away, in Livingston, Louisiana. It is the joint Caltech-MIT project supported by the USA National Science Foundation.””
LIGO Physicist Kip Thorne speaks to RT on gravitational waves discovery (RT)
「重力波を初観測」米中心の国際研究チーム 発表(NHK NEWS WEB 2月12日):”アメリカを中心とした国際研究チームは、11日、宇宙空間にできた「ゆがみ」が波となって伝わる現象、いわゆる「重力波」を初めて直接観測することに成功したと発表しました。重力波の観測は、ノーベル賞に値する成果とも言われ、日本の専門家も「天文学の飛躍的な発展につながる」と述べて高く評価しています。…”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 (nobelprize.org) :”The Nobel Prize in Physics 1993 was awarded jointly to Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr. “for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation””
Long-term survival has been one of the most studied of the extraordinary physiological characteristics of cryptobiosis in micrometazoans such as nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers. In the available studies of long-term survival of micrometazoans, instances of survival have been the primary observation, and recovery conditions of animals or subsequent reproduction are generally not reported. We therefore documented recovery conditions and reproduction immediately following revival of tardigrades retrieved from a frozen moss sample collected in Antarctica in 1983 and stored at −20 °C for 30.5 years. We recorded recovery of two individuals and development of a separate egg of the Antarctic tardigrade, Acutuncus antarcticus, providing the longest records of survival for tardigrades as animals or eggs. One of the two resuscitated individuals and the hatchling successfully reproduced repeatedly after their recovery from long-term cryptobiosis. This considerable extension of the known length of long-term survival of tardigrades recorded in our study is interpreted as being associated with the minimum oxidative damage likely to have resulted from storage under stable frozen conditions. The long recovery times of the revived tardigrades observed is suggestive of the requirement for repair of damage accrued over 30 years of cryptobiosis. Further more detailed studies will improve understanding of mechanisms and conditions underlying the long-term survival of cryptobiotic organisms. (Tsujimoto et al., Cryobiology doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.12.003)
Repetitive patterns in rapid optical variations in the nearby black hole binary V404 Cygni (*再生に際してBGMの音量に注意)
著者:木邑真理子, 磯貝桂介, 加藤太一, 上田佳宏 (京都大学), 中平聡志 (JAXA), 志達めぐみ (理研), 榎戸輝揚, 堀貴郁, 野上大作 (京都大学), Colin Littlefield (Wesleyan University、アメリカ), 石岡涼子, Ying-Tung Chen, Sun-Kun King, Chih-Yi Wen, Shiang-Yu Wang, Matthew J. Lehner, Megan E. Schwamb, Jen-Hung Wang, Zhi-Wei Zhang (Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica、台湾), Charles Alcock (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics、アメリカ), Tim Axelrod (University of Arizona、アメリカ), Federica B. Bianco (New York University、アメリカ), Yong-Ik Byun (Yonsei University、韓国), Wen-Ping Chen (National Central University、台湾), Kem H. Cook (Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica、台湾), Dae-Won Kim (Max Planck Institute、ドイツ), Typhoon Lee (Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica、台湾), Stuart L. Marshall (Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC), Stanford University、アメリカ), Elena P. Pavlenko, Oksana I. Antonyuk, Kirill A. Antonyuk, Nikolai V. Pit, Aleksei A. Sosnovskij, Julia V. Babina, Aleksei V. Baklanov (Crimean Astrophysical Observatory、クリミア), Alexei S. Pozanenko, Elena D. Mazaeva (Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences、ロシア), Sergei E. Schmalz (Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics、ドイツ), Inna V. Reva (Fesenkov Astrophysical Institute、カザフスタン), Sergei P. Belan (Crimean Astrophysical Observatory、クリミア), Raguli Ya. Inasaridze (Ilia State University、アメリカ), Namkhai Tungalag (Mongolian Academy of Sciences、モンゴル), Alina A. Volnova, Igor E. Molotov (Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences、ロシア), Enrique de Miguel (Universidad de Huelva、スペイン), 笠井潔 (スイス), William L. Stein (アメリカ), Pavol A. Dubovsky (Vihorlat Observatory、スロバキア), 清田誠一郎 (千葉), Ian Miller (イギリス), Michael Richmond (Rochester Institute of Technology、アメリカ), William Goff (ギリシャ), Maksim V. Andreev (Russian Academy of Sciences、ロシア), 高橋弘允 (広島大学), 小路口直冬, 杉浦裕紀, 竹田奈央, 山田英史, 松本桂 (大阪教育大学), Nick James (イギリス), Roger D. Pickard (The British Astronomical Association, Variable Star Section (BAA VSS)、イギリス), Tam?s Tordai (Hungarian Astronomical Association、ハンガリー), 前田豊 (長崎), Javier Ruiz (Observatorio de Cantabria、スペイン), 宮下敦 (成蹊気象観測所、東京), Lewis M. Cook (Center for Backyard Astrophysics、アメリカ), 今田明 (京都大学) & 植村誠 (広島大学)(プレスリリース 平成28年1月7日 京大、JAXA、RIKEN、広島大学)
Astronomers Say Black Holes Can Be Spotted Using Home-Use Telescope
新元素113命名権獲得へ近づく (日本化学会 2012年9月27日):”理化学研究所(野依良治理事長)は26日、新たに3個目の113番元素同位体の合成に成功した、と発表した。理化学研究所の仁科加速器研究センターの森田浩介准主任研究員らのグループが合成、崩壊経路を確認、27日の日本物理学会英文誌「Journal of Physical Society of Japan」オンラインに掲載される。野依理事長は「理研ではこれまでにも2個の113元素の同位体を合成しているが、今回の成果は従来の2個とは異なる崩壊経路を辿り、既知核に到達したことを確認した。これは新元素発見の証拠を一段と盤石とする成果で、元素命名権の獲得に大きく近づいた。周期表には多くの元素が載っているが、これまでに日本が命名した元素はない。命名権を取得し、周期表に日本発の元素をぜひ載せたい」と述べている。”
Element 113 Uncovered by Japanese Scientists: “Ununtrium”
新発見の113番元素 (理化学研究所 2004年9月28日):”今回、合成された原子核は1個です。この原子核は合成されるや否や、連続した4回のアルファ崩壊とそれに引き続く自発核分裂によって崩壊しました。この一連の崩壊の寿命および崩壊エネルギーなどから、原子番号113 (質量数278の278113)の原子核が初めて合成されたと結論付けられました。 今後、複数合成して再現性を確かめるなどして、今回のデータを補強すれば、将来、113番元素の命名権があたえられる可能性があります。その場合、周期表に歴史的な成果として、明確に足跡を残すことになります。… 113番元素については、今年2月にロシアの研究所が、「115番新元素の原子核(質量数、288と287)の初合成に成功し、その崩壊連鎖上の原子核として原子番号113、質量数284と283の原子核も発見した」と発表していますが、崩壊連鎖が既知の原子核まで到達していないため、現在はこれら115番、113番元素の命名権を獲得するに至っていません。ロシアのフレロフ核反応研究所のグループでは、実験データを積み重ね、より確かなものにしようとする努力が払われています。ただすべての崩壊の連鎖が未知の自発核分裂で終わっており、純粋実験的に原子番号Zと質量数Aを決めることができないのが現状です。元素に命名権を与える、国際純粋応用物理学連合(IUPAP; International Union of Pure and Applied Physics)と国際純正応用化学連合(IUPAC;International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)の合同ワーキンググループの報告によれば実験結果はかなり確実であるとしながらも既知核への連結がないことをもって、いまだ命名権を与えるに至っていないと報告しています。”
Ununtrium – Video Learning – WizScience.com (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtbHCb0WB8g): “The first report of ununtrium was in August 2003, when it was identified as an alpha decay product of element 115, ununpentium. These results were published on February 1, 2004, by a team composed of Russian scientists at Dubna , and American scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory”
ERATOの沿革:” 昭和56年(1981年)に創造科学技術推進事業(Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology;ERATO)が発足しました。その後、第2期科学技術基本計画や総合科学技術会議の推進戦略など、新しい時代の要請を踏まえ発展的 に解消し、平成14年度(2002年度)より戦略的創造研究推進事業・総括実施型研究(ERATO)として新たなスタートを迎えました。”
as a trial, we will be publishing all reviewer comments to authors and author rebuttal letters for published papers submitted from January 2016, unless the authors ask us not to. (doi:10.1038/ncomms10277)
EMBO journal introduces transparent peer-review (blogs.nature.com 05 Jan 2009):”Beginning with manuscripts submitted in 2009, a supplementary process file will be included with the online publication of papers. “