Spintronics is about the coupled electron spin and charge transport in condensed-matter structures and devices. (Spin caloritronics Gerrit E. W. Bauer, Eiji Saitoh & Bart J. van Wees Nature Materials volume 11, pages391–399(2012) Published: 23 April 2012 )
内田氏が所属する東北大学の研究室は、温度差や音波を「スピン流」（スピンの流れ）に変換する技術を次々と開発してきた。スピン流に変換した後に、微小電力に変換して取り出す技術も確立している。 2008年には磁性体に温度差をつけるとスピン流が生じる「スピンゼーベック効果」を発見し、2010年に絶縁体でもスピンゼーベック効果が生じることを明らかにした。これにより「spin caloritronics」という新たな研究分野が誕生し、東北大学はNECと共同で新たな熱電変換素子の実現に取り組むことになった。(熱や音、光のエネルギーを、1つの素子で微小電力へ スピン流を使って東北大学が実現 河合 基伸 2015.01.28 日経 x TECH)
Switching of chiral magnetic skyrmions by picosecond magnetic field pulses via transient topological states Changhoon Heo, Nikolai S. Kiselev, Ashis Kumar Nandy, Stefan Blügel & Theo Rasing Scientific Reports volume 6, Article number: 27146 (2016). Published: 08 June 2016 https://www.nature.com/articles/srep27146
スキルミオンを利用した新しいコンピューティングの可能性
Magnetic Skyrmion as a Spintronic Deep Learning Spiking Neuron Processor IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Volume: 54 , Issue: 8 , Aug. 2018 DOI: 10.1109/TMAG. In this paper, the design of skyrmion-based devices to emulate biological synapses and neurons is explored, and skyrmionic synapse-based crossbar architectures driving skyrmionic neurons are proposed. We perform a systematic device-circuit-architecture co-design for digit recognition with the MNIST handwritten digits dataset to evaluate the feasibility of our proposal.
For approximately 2 decades, “therapeutic angiogenesis” has been studied as an investigational approach to treat patients with symptomatic PAD. Despite literally hundreds of positivepreclinical studies, results from human clinical studies thus far have been disappointing. (Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Peripheral Artery Disease Lessons Learned in Translational Science JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2017 Oct; 2(5): 503–512.)
The results of this review do not support the use of therapy with the growth factors FGF, HGF or VEGF in people with PAD of the lower extremities to prevent death or major limb amputation or to improve walking ability. However, … (Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease 08 June 2017 cochranelibrary.com)
In this Review, data from phase II and III clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with PAD will be presented and discussed. Potential explanations for the limited success of therapeutic angiogenesis in humans will be viewed in the context of advances in our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. (Nat Rev Cardiol , 10 (7), 387-96 Jul 2013 Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Critical Limb Ischaemia PubMed)
Therapeutic angiogenesis is an application of biotechnology to stimulate new vessel formation via local administration of pro-angiogenic growth factors in the form of recombinant protein or gene therapy, or by implantation of endothelial progenitor cells that will synthesize multiple angiogenic cytokines. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have sought to establish ‘proof of concept’ for therapeutic angiogenesis in PAD and myocardial ischaemia using different treatment modalities, but the results have been inconsistent. (Therapeutic Angiogenesis in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Can Biotechnology Produce an Effective Collateral Circulation? July 2004 Volume 28, Issue 1, Pages 9–23. Europiean Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery ejves.com)
With Thousands Trapped on Board, Cruise Ship Awaits Coronavirus Test Result (March 5, 2020, 5:35 p.m. ET The New York Times) Officials flew test kits by helicopter out to the Grand Princess after the authorities learned that a patient who had died from the coronavirus had previously traveled on the vessel, and that some passengers and crew members on board were showing symptoms.
Read JM et al. Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions 23 January 2020 1 Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions
2020年1月22日 中国人の客をお断りするお店が物議
日本の店が「中国人入店禁止」の貼り紙！ その理由が日中ネットで論争に (2020年1月22日(水) 11時20分 Record China)
Description of an electro-magnetic engine, with experiments
On the use of electro-magnets made of iron wire for the electro-magnetic engine
Investigations in magnetism and electro-magnetism
Investigations in magnetism and electro-magnetism
Description of an electro-magnetic engine
On electro-magnetic forces
On electro-magnetic forces
On electro-magnetic forces
Description of a new electro-magnet
On a new class of magnetic forces
On voltaic apparatus
On the production of heat by voltaic electricity
On the heat evolved by metallic conductors of electricity, and in the cells of a battery during electrolysis
On the electric origin of the heat of combustion
On the electrical origin of chemical heat
On Sir G. C. Haughton’s experiments
On the heat evolved during the electrolysis of water
On the calorific effects of magneto-electricity, and on the mechanical value of heat
On the intermittent character of the voltaic current in certain cases of electrolysis and on the intensities of various voltaic arrangements
On the changes of temperature produced by the rarefaction and condensation of air
On specific heat
On a new method for ascertaining the specific heat of bodies
Note on the employment of electrical currents for ascertaining the specific heat of bodies
On the mechanical equivalent of heat.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 140 (1850), pp. 61- 82 (PDF at jstore.org)
On the existence of an equivalent relation between heat and the ordinary forms of mechanical power (PDF at tandfonline.com)
On the heat disengaged in chemical combinations
On the effects of magnetism upon the dimensions of iron and steel bars
On matter, living force, and heat
On the mechanical equivalent of heat, as determined from the heat evolved by the function of fluids
On the theoretical velocity of sound
Expériences sur l’identité entre le calorique et la force méchanique. Détermination de l’équivalent par la chaleur dégagée pendant la friction du mercure
On shooting-stars
On the mechanical equivalent of heat, and on the constitution of elastic fluids
Some remarks on heat and the constitution of elastic fluids
On the mechanical equivalent of heat
On a remarkable appearance of lightning
On some amalgams
On the air-engine
Account of experiments with a powerful electro-magnet
On the economical production of mechanical effect from chemical forces
An account of some experiments with a large electro-magnet
Introductory research on the induction of magnetism by electric currents
On the fusion of metals by voltaic electricity
Note on Dalton’s determination of the expansion of air by heat
On the utilization of the sewage of London and other large towns
Notice of experiments on the heat developed by friction in air
On the intensity of light during the recent solar eclipse
On an improved galvanometer
On the thermo-electricity of ferruginous metals, and on the thermal effects of stretching solid bodies
On the thermal effects of longitudinal compression of solids, with an investigation on the alterations of temperature accompanying changes of pressure in fluids
On some thermo-dynamic properties of solids
On the thermal effects of compressing fluids
On a method of testing the strength of steam-boilers
Experiments on the total heat of steam
Experiments on the passage of air through pipes and apertures in thin plates
On some amalgams
On the probable cause of electric storms
On the surface-condensation of steam
Notice of a compressing air-pump
Note on a mirage at Douglas
On a sensitive barometer
On a sensitive thermometer
Note on the meteor of February 6th, 1818
On a method of hardening steel wires for magnetic needles
On an instrument for showing rapid changes in magnetic declination
Determination of the dynamical equivalent of heat from the thermal effects of electric currents
Observations on the alteration of the freezing-point in thermometers
