Sadaf Aslam and Patricia Emmanuel. Formulating a researchable question: A critical step for facilitating good clinical research. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS. 2010 Jan-Jun; 31(1): 47–50. PMC3140151step-by-step guidance on the formulation of a research question
David A. Katzka. How to Balance Clinical Work and Research in the Current Era of Academic Medicine. Gastroenterology. November 2017; Volume 153, Issue 5, Pages 1177–1180.
But in the less digitally aligned areas of biology, the shift from paper to electronic laboratory notebooks and similar online tools has been slow, sometimes glacially so. (Steve Dickman. Forbes.com 2017)
The Human Element In Lab Informatics (By Rick Mullin, c & en (Chemical & Engineering News) Volume 92 Issue 42 | pp. 12-15 Issue Date: October 20, 2014) In April, the most acquisitive of them, Accelrys, was itself acquired by France’s Dassault Systèmes, which develops software for three-dimensional modeling and product life-cycle management. Dassault folded Accelrys into a new group called Biovia with a goal no less ambitious than supplying the software needed for the lab of the future.
Accelrys CEO on Dassault Acquisition (By Allison Proffitt, Bio IT World January 31, 2014) Yesterday, Dassault Systèmes, a Paris-based company focused on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), announced its intention to acquire Accelrys for approximately $750 million.
Agilent Technologies to Enhance Lab Informatics with Acquisition of Genohm (BuisinessWirecom May 02, 2018 04:30 PM) Agilent Technologies, Inc. (NYSE: A) today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire privately-held Genohm, a developer of highly differentiated, on-premise and cloud-based software solutions for laboratory management. … Genohm’s main laboratory software automation suite, SLIMS, is a digital platform that provides laboratories with a rapidly deployable and seamless laboratory information management system (LIMS) and electronic lab notebook (ELN) environment that is used in biobanks, research labs and next gen sequencing facilities. … The modern architecture of SLIMS is perfectly aligned with the values of Agilent’s OpenLab products. By integrating this technology with our broad and diverse instrument portfolio, we are in a unique position to support and enhance the operations of modern laboratories—truly helping our customers to do more with their data.
Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) Market Report 2019 7ᵗʰ edition Top Companies, Sales, Revenue, Forecast and Detailed Analysis (Eric Shaw Eric Shaw May 30, 2019 markettrendsnews.com)
2019 review of the best electronic laboratory notebooks April 5, 2019 — Published by Victoria MARMILLOD. This article follows a review that has been published in 2017. After a lot of feedback gathered from ELN editors and users, Labs Explorer is releasing this updated review.
Global Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) Market 2018-2023 – Increasing R&D Activities / Growing Automation in Laboratories / Technological Advancements / Rising Need for Regulatory Compliance (Sep 12, 2018, 13:15 ET prnewswire.com)
Meeting the Specialized Requirements of the Biologist Through a Biology-Focused Electronic Laboratory Notebook. October 1, 2007. American Laboratory.
The status of electronic laboratory notebooks for chemistry and biology. Keith T Taylor. Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development 2006 9(3):348-353 (PDF)
Electronic Lab Notes(Feb 9, 1987 HOWARD KANARE TheScientist) Electronic notekeeping can be easier and more useful than traditional handwritten records. However, many scientists and lab managers who have relied on traditional paper-based records are concerned about depending on electronically recorded notes.
いつも使っている試薬キットを使う場合、細かいことを書く必要はないかもしれません。しかし、キットも改良版が出たりして何年か経つと条件が曖昧にならないとも限りません。できるだけ使った製品情報もわかるように記録した方が良いでしょう。一番大事なポイントは、論文を書く際に必要となる情報を全て記録することです。論文のMaterials and Methodsセクションに書く必要がないくらいのどうでもよい細かいことであれば、必ずしも書かなくてもよいでしょう。
NEJM (New England Journal of Medicine) ニューイングランドジャーナルオブメディシン IF=79.258 (bioxbio.com) “Our mission is to bring physicians the best research and information at the intersection of biomedical science and clinical practice” (About)
MedicineImpact Factor: 2.028 “a fully open access journal, providing authors with a distinctive new service offering continuous publication of original research across a broad spectrum of medical scientific disciplines and sub-specialties” (About)
Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) Impact Factor: 13.25 (2017). “publishes basic and phase I/II clinical research submissions in all biomedical specialties, including Autoimmunity, Gastroenterology, Immunology, Metabolism, Nephrology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Pulmonology, Vascular Biology, and many others.” (About)
Medicine (Elsevier) “Elsevier’s Medicine is a continually updated, evidence-based learning resource for trainees.”
JAMA Network Open “an international, peer-reviewed, open access, general medical journal that publishes research on clinical care, innovation in health care, health policy, and global health across all health disciplines and countries for clinicians, investigators, and policy makers.” (For Authors) “The journal started publishing in 2018.” (Wikipedia)
JCI InsightImpact Factor (2017) N/A (Founded 2016) “a peer-reviewed journal published by the American Society for Clinical Investigation dedicated to well-executed preclinical and clinical research studies”
Lancet Oncologyhas an Impact Factor of 36·421 “covers topics that advance clinical practice, challenge the status quo, advocate change in health policy, and tackle issues related to global oncology.” (About)
ブルージャーナル (AJRCCM; American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine) Impact Factor: 15.24 “publishes high-quality original papers, reviews, and clinical trials in respiratory, critical care, and sleep medicine to foster advances in translational research and clinical practice.” ” focuses on human biology and disease, as well as animal studies that contribute to the understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of diseases that affect the respiratory system and critically ill patients.” (About)
実際には、Image Jよりもさらに高機能なFijiを自分は使っています。Fijiは単にImageJそのもので(Fiji is just ImageJ)、プラグインが最初からたくさんくっついてくるだけです。Image Jは様々なデータ処理・データ解析のためにプラグインを入れることができますが、Fijiには最初からこれらのプラグインがてんこ盛りで入っていますので、いちいち後からインストールする手間がなくて良いです。顕微鏡メーカーやカメラメーカー独特の画像フォーマットでも、大抵の画像ファイルがFijiで開けてしまいます(Bio-Formatsを利用するなどして)。
Basic Intensity Quantification with ImageJ (PDF) If you have particles that have merged together, Process →Binary→Watershed can often (but not always) accurately cut them apart by adding a 1 pixel thick line where it feels the division should be. ＊２つの粒子がくっついている場合にウォーターシェッドというアルゴリズムを用いて分離する機能もImageJにはあるようです。
Watershedの機能も用いて細胞を分離して、細胞数をカウントする方法を示したYOUTUBE動画があったので紹介しておきます。
Counting Cells with ImageJ by Kevin Foley 2013/09/10
A Simple Method for Measuring Intracellular Fluorescence By Anthony Federico. Fortunately for microscopy users, measuring intracellular fluorescence has been made relatively simple through an ImageJ plugin called the Cell Magic Wand.
Analyze, Set Scale…を選びます。例えば20ミクロンが100ピクセルだとわかっていれば、Distance in pixels:100, Known distance: 20, Pixel aspect ratio:1, Unit of length: micronとします。すると、自動的に計算された結果として今の場合、Scale: 5 pixels/micronと表示されますので、OKをクリックします。
次に、画像を開いた状態で、Analyze, Tools, Scale bar…を選びますと、パネルが出現しますので表示させたいスケールバーの長さを例えばWidth in micron: ２0, Height in pixels: 5, Color: White, Location:Lower Right などと選びOKをクリックします。すると画面右下に20ミクロンのスケールバーが表示されます。micronsとしていた単位は、写真に埋められたスケールバーにはギリシャ文字でμmと表示されました。
ジョブ・トークは通常のプレゼンと全く違うということをまず認識すべきだ。時折全く練習せずにぶっつけ本番で臨む方や、論文に使われた図をそっくりそのままを使う方を見かけるが、自殺行為である。せっかく高倍率をくぐり抜けて面接まで辿り着いているのだから、万全の準備で臨みたい。ポイントは「研究の価値と将来性を専門家以外にもわかるように宣伝する」ことであり、私が当時受けたアドバイスは、「スライドを見ずにしゃべって、ピッタリ 45 分くらいで終われるようになるまで練習しろ」というものであった。 … ジョブ・トークもチョーク・トークも、その出来が結果に大きく影響することは間違いない。が、意外に侮れないのが個々のミーティングだ。英語でいうinter-personal skill（日本語では対人能力、雑談力とでも訳せばいいのだろうか）が問われる。私が受けたアドバイスは、個人面談が予定されている相手の研究内容は前もって概要を理解しておけ、可能であれば論文を読め、会話の途中で話題に事欠き両者揃って沈黙する時間を生み出さないようにせよ、というものであった。 … 心理的にヒトは自分に興味を持ってくれる相手には好感を持ちやすいからで、特に採用側の人間は全員、この先何十年と一緒に仕事をするかもしれない相手として、自分と会話をしていることを肝に銘じたい。（徒然独立日記 〜黎明編〜 小島 志保子 Department of Biological Sciences, Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech PDF）＊太字下線強調は当サイト
Know your audience. … Your talk should be accessible to everyone while still having enough methodological rigor to impress peers who use similar methods.
Know your data. … you should know your data well, and know it in a way that is both deep (i.e., you can get into the nitty-gritty of the methods), and broad (i.e., you can tie your methods and findings to the broader conversations the field is having about your topic).
Discuss implications. The implications section is the part of the presentation where you have to sell your ideas, approach or findings as novel and/or important. It is fine to really sell it here. Is the study the first that did X? Make sure to say so.
Answer the question that was asked. Remember, every question is an opportunity to demonstrate — or fail to demonstrate — competence. The way that you answer a question reveals if you have thought about your topic deeply or are capable of engaging with unfamiliar territory in a thoughtful way. Take the opportunity to communicate that you understood the reason the question was asked.
Come with questions. … For faculty and search committee members, ask about the department’s strengths and weaknesses, what they are looking for in junior faculty and any changes they anticipate in the department in the future.
Build a rapport. “You need to communicate in a comfortable, accessible way, make direct connection with your audience through the use of humor, anecdotes or illustrations, and invite back-and-forth conversation, either throughout the talk or during special time reserved at the end.”
In the end, your objective is to make sure your audience enjoys themselves, Neimeyer says. “If they are laughing, talking, asking questions, or otherwise showing interest and involvement, then you can be sure they are viewing you and your work favorably.”
Practice, practice and practice. … Practice giving the job talk to colleagues, an advisor and other faculty, and ask for candid feedback. This will also allow you to prepare for the types of questions people will ask during the Q&A at the end of the talk.
Your job talk is your one-hour audition for the role of a professor. Think of it like a music or acting audition, except here professors are your judges. By the end of your hour on stage, you need to get the professors in the audience so excited about the research you’ve done, so inspired by your future research vision, and so energized by watching your performance that they will be proud to call you a colleague.
12/5/2013 “How To Give a Job Talk, and Why It’s Not the Same as a Research Talk” DukePostdocServices 2014/01/08
5:27 [SLIDE] The Job Search Committee
Most of the search committee don’t have a clue about your field
– Few know your boss
– Fe know your techniques
– None know your jargon
They have defined criteria to meet
– What technology you will anchor
– What project(s) you will serve on to start
– Waht headcount (人員) you will inherit
– What scientific resources you will need
– Whose former lab space you are getting
9:10 Did you think up the idea or you were just told to do it?
9:16 Did you collaborate?
9:44 As projects become bigger and more complicated, they need collaboration with people amongst other people with a lot of different skill sets. So, you need to demonstrate during the couse of your talk that you collaborated with other people to get the work done.
10:37 Are you a good thinker?
11:30 Before you go, you need to practice what you are going to do.
12:13 The talk that you are going to give for the job need to be needs to be understandable by a reasonablly well-educated scientist, not just the specialist.
12:55 Practice your delivery.
15:14 Preparing slides.
15:55 You want to spoon-feed this in a linear intelectually relevant squence.
19:55 [SLIDE] Before You Go Reviewing the Data You’ll Present
27:20 [SLIDE] The Job Seminar: Organization and Grammar First 10 MINUTES MIDDLE 30 MINUTES LAST 5 MINUTES
36:10 [SLIDE] The Search Committee will be asking themselves “Can this person….”
Complete in science in your chosens field
Anchor a key technology and/or run a core facility
Teach a required course
Write/think/plan/self-promote well enough to become fully funded from external sources within a couple of years and stay that way?
The Academic Job Search and the Campus Visit（YOUTUBE 25：22）EducationatIowa 2012/04/20 に公開 Dr. Will Ming Liu talks with Will Coghill-Behrends about the campus visit and the campus interview.
Ace the Academic Job Talk (Office of Graduate Studies GRADUATE CONNECTIONS, University of NEbraska-Lincoln)
Keys to a Successful Job Talk. Guy A. Boysen, Ciara Jones, Rachel Kaltwasser, May 30, 2018 Teaching of Psychology https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628318779277 （要旨閲覧無料）”However, significant differences between institutions showed that baccalaureate institutions emphasize teaching skills during job talks and doctoral institutions emphasize research skills.”
（黒い部分の画素値が０で白い部分が255）
（白い部分の画素が255、黒が０）
（元画像の
8-bit
Threshold
Fill Holes
Watershed
（amazon.co.jp)