Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development.National Science Review https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz043
サルの脳に人間の遺伝子、中国の研究者が移植実験 批判も (2019.04.13 Sat posted at 13:18 JST CNN.co.jp) 中国の研究グループがこのほど、人間の脳の発達に関わる遺伝子をサルに移植することで認知機能を向上させたとの論文を発表し、科学界を二分する論争を引き起こしている。
「猿の惑星」が現実に? 猿に人間の遺伝子を移植、中国の研究チーム(2019年04月15日 BBC NEWS JAPAN)中国の科学者が、猿に人間の遺伝子を移植し「遺伝子組み換え猿」を作り出していた。先月、中国の科学誌「ナショナル・サイエンス・レビュー」に掲載された論文で明らかになった。昆明動物研究所と中国科学院の研究員が、米ノースカロライナ大学の研究員と共同で行なったもの。人間の知能がどのように進化していったのかを突き止めるため、アカゲザルの脳に人間の遺伝子「MCPH1」を移植したという。
First gene-edited babies reported in China (Associated Press2018/11/25 に公開)
HONG KONG (AP) — A Chinese researcher claims that he helped make the world’s first genetically edited babies — twin girls born this month whose DNA he said he altered with a powerful new tool capable of rewriting the very blueprint of life. If true, it would be a profound leap of science and ethics. (Chinese researcher claims first gene-edited babies
By MARILYNN MARCHIONE November 26, 2018 AP)
He Jiankui副教授は、ヒトゲノム編集国際会議の2日目(28日)の午前中のセッションHuman Embryo Editingに登壇し研究成果を発表しました。
11:30 a.m.
Human Embryo Editing
Moderator:
Robin-Lovell-Badge,* The Francis Crick Institute
Speakers:
Kathy Niakan, The Francis Crick Institute
Paula Amato, Oregon Health & Science University
Maria Jasin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute
Xingxu Huang, Shanghai Tech University
Jiankui He, Southern University of Science and Technology
(引用元:SECOND INTERNATIONAL SUMMIT ON HUMAN GENOME EDITING AGENDA)
下の動画で1:15:30~からが、Jiankui He博士によるプレゼンテーションです。今回の騒動を受けて、司会者が予めに観客に静かに最後まで聴くようお願いしています。また、今回のゲノム編集ベビー誕生はもともとJiankui He博士が事前に提出していた講演資料には存在していなかったものであり、「ヒトゲノム編集国際会議」としては全く知らなかったことであると説明しています。そして、Jiankui He博士に説明の機会を与えようと述べて、演者を登場させました(Jiankui He博士の登壇は、動画1:17:53~)。講演タイトルは、CCR5 gene editing in mouse, monkey and human aembryos using CRSPR/Cas9 です。
ABSTRACT Genome editing tools such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated system (Cas) have been widely used to modify genes in model systems including animal zygotes and human cells, and hold tremendous promise for both basic research and clinical applications. To date, a serious knowledge gap remains in our understanding of DNA repair mechanisms in human early embryos, and in the efficiency and potential off-target effects of using technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 in human pre-implantation embryos. In this report, we used tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes to further investigate CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human cells. We found that CRISPR/Cas9 could effectively cleave the endogenous β-globin gene (HBB). However, the efficiency of homologous recombination directed repair (HDR) of HBB was low and the edited embryos were mosaic. Off-target cleavage was also apparent in these 3PN zygotes as revealed by the T7E1 assay and whole-exome sequencing. Furthermore, the endogenous delta-globin gene (HBD), which is homologous to HBB, competed with exogenous donor oligos to act as the repair template, leading to untoward mutations. Our data also indicated that repair of the HBB locus in these embryos occurred preferentially through the non-crossover HDR pathway. Taken together, our work highlights the pressing need to further improve the fidelity and specificity of the CRISPR/Cas9 platform, a prerequisite for any clinical applications of CRSIPR/Cas9-mediated editing. (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13238-015-0153-5/fulltext.html)
PROTEIN & CELL誌を発行しているのはシュプリンガー(Springer)社ですが、チーフエディターが中国の人で、他のエディターも5人中4人が中国、ボードメンバーも66人中26人が中国の人です。また、この雑誌は通常の学術論文を掲載するだけでなく、特に、
Presents research highlights, news and views, and commentaries covering research policies and funding trends in China (http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/biochemistry+%26+biophysics/journal/13238)
中国の研究動向を取り上げる方針を持っており、さらに、オープンアクセスのための論文掲載費用は、
Protein & Cellis a peer-reviewed open access journal published monthly. The open access fees (article-processing charges) for this journal are kindly sponsored by Higher Education Press, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Biophysical Society of China. Authors can publish in the journal without any additional charges.(http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/biochemistry+%26+biophysics/journal/13238)
First experiment ‘editing’ human embryos ignites ethical furor (Reuters Apr 23, 2015):”Biologists in China reported carrying out the first experiment to alter the DNA of human embryos, igniting an outcry from scientists who warn against altering the human genome in a way that could last for generations.”
“I prefer a child with …”: designer babies, another controversial patent in the arena of direct-to-consumer genomics Genetics in Medicine 03 October 2013