How to Write a Great Research Paper by Professor Simon Peyton Jones, Microsoft Research. (youtu.be/g3dkRsTqdDA) 28:40- #7 Listen to your readers. Get your paper read by as many friendly guinea pigs as possible.
Writing science in plain English by Dr Lynn Dicks, manager of the Conservation Evidence project at the University of Cambridge. (youtu.be/Mn7f5tsgjx8) RULE 1: Put important messages at the start RULE 2: Write short sentences RULE 3: One sentence one idea RULE 4: Vary the rhythm RULE 5: Break the text into small chunks RULE 6: Avoid making nouns from verbs RULE 7: Avoid jargon RULE 8: Avoid long words RULE 9: Do not be afraid of repetition RULE 10: Avoid acronyms RULE 11: Cut out redundant words RULE 12: Use the active voice
原題の科学論文は一定の形式を持っており、タイトル、要旨、序論(Introduction)、材料と方法(Materials and Methods)(ジャーナルによっては最後)、結果(Results)、そして考察(Discussion)から構成されています。頭文字をとって、IMRaD (Introduction、Method、Result and Discussion)と呼ばれることもあります。順序だけでなく、各々のセクションをどう書くべきかはある程度決まっており、その原則から外れた書き方をすると、科学論文としての体をなさなくなります。以下、論文の書き方を各セクションごとに説明したYOUTUBE動画やネット上の記事を紹介します。ちなみに、研究者が論文の原稿を書くときにこの順で書き進めるというわけではありません。実際に書くときは、図表を完成させてストーリーをつくる順に並べ、本文の構成の骨組みを書き出し、それから肉付けするのがよいと思います。いきなり書き始めずに、骨組み(構想)をまず書き出す作業をすることが大事です。そうしないと書いているうちに迷走します。
論文タイトル Title
論文タイトルは、論文の内容を簡潔に示したものになります。
論文要旨 Abstract
要旨には、限られた文字数の中で背景、目的、方法、重要な結果、結論、意義を含めるようにします。
Titles and abstracts
イントロダクション Introduction
The Introduction to a research paper needs to convince the reader that your work is important and relevant, frame the questions being addressed, and provide context for the findings being presented. (Getting a Strong Start: Best Practices for Writing an Introduction by Michael Bendiksby) ← この文書には、科学論文のイントロの意義、イントロに含めるべき内容・事項、イントロの具体的な書き方が簡潔に述べられていて、非常に濃い内容になっています。
Although the fundamental purpose of your Results section is to present your data, it should never simply be a collection of numbers and tables. This part of the paper should be a story within a story. It presents an opportunity to lead the reader from one important result to the next, guiding them from initial and supporting findings to the novel discoveries that are your reason for publishing. To achieve this, the Results section should generally follow the same pattern as the Methods, following the order of data acquisition as closely as possible in most cases. However, it is more important to use a logical presentation sequence than it is to be strictly chronological. Ideally, each new set of results should build on the previous ones, presenting a logical narrative that makes sense to the reader and leads them to the conclusions you will ultimately ask them to subscribe to. (Reaping the Rewards: Best Practices for Writing a Results Section by Michael Bendiksby)
Getting Published: How to Write a Good Science Paper, by Dr. Chris Mack (Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS)(youtu.be/yvhYTdEMyC8) 17:00- Introduction Section 18:23- Method Section 19:46- Results and Discussion Section 21:33- Conclusion Section