WATCH: US Doctor contracted with Ebola Released from Atlanta Hospital
ZMappという治療薬の実体は、エボラウイルスの蛋白質に対する3種類の抗体です。これらの抗体がエボラウイルスに結合し、エボラウイルスがヒトの細胞に侵入することを阻害します。まだサルを用いた実験で効果が確認されていた段階でしたが、今回のエボラ出血熱の感染拡大という緊急事態を受けて、世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）はこの試験段階の未承認薬の使用が倫理的に認められるという見解を発表していました。
Is Californian company close to an Ebola cure?
The Structural Basis of Ebola Viral Pathogenesis
(Erica Ollmann Saphire, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute)
参考
- エボラ感染への治療に光明：投与された「実験的治療薬」 (WIRED 2014.8.6 WED):”.. 必要な抗体（抗体医薬品）を得る手段として、研究チームはモノクローナル抗体（抗原抗体反応を利用して特定の分子の機能を阻害する免疫グロブリン製剤）の作製という、すでに確立された技術を採用した。..”
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical：Zmappを開発した企業のウェブサイト
- Therapeutic Intervention of Ebola Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques with the MB-003 Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail. Pettitt et al., Sci Transl Med. 2013 Aug 21;5(199):199ra113.：サルを用いた実験で、抗体カクテルがエボラ出血熱の治療における有効性を示したという論文
- Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease
Report of an advisory panel to WHO ：世界保健機関（ＷＨＯ）が実験段階の未承認治療薬の使用を認める見解を発表した報告書”Conclusion In the particular context of the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa, it is ethically acceptable to offer unproven interventions that have shown promising results in the laboratory and in animal models but have not yet been evaluated for safety and efficacy in humans as potential treatment or prevention. … “ - Experimental Ebola Treatment Protects Some Primates Even After Disease Symptoms Appear (United Staes Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) News Release Aug 21, 2013)
- Ebola therapy hopes shift to small California biotech (Reuters Tue Aug 5, 2014 GMT):”Hopes of finding a treatment for the deadly Ebola virus shifted on Monday to a small California-based biotech company whose experimental drug has been used to treat two American missionary workers. …”
- Five things to know about the ZMapp Ebola drug (Fortune.com August 5, 2014, 10:45 AM EDT): “In the wake of an Ebola outbreak in West Africa that has resulted in nearly 900 deaths, a tiny pharmaceutical maker has allowed an experimental treatment to be used for two Americans infected with the deadly virus. ..”
- Experimental Ebola drug ZMapp sent to Liberia (Al Ja Zeera August 12, 2014 ET):
- 奇跡的…エボラ熱感染の米国人、試験前の治療薬が効果か (サンスポ 2014.8.5 08:45)：”..治療薬は米カリフォルニア州の製薬会社が開発する「ＺＭａｐｐ」。マウスを使った抗体を含み、免疫機能の働きを助けてウイルスによる細胞への感染を防ぐ。感染後１～２日のサルに投与すると死亡を防ぐ効果が示されたが、人での安全性や効果は未知数だった。..”
- What Is Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Developer Of Experimental Ebola Treatment ZMapp? (International Business Times August 12 2014 1:31 PM)
- Ebola drug ZMapp tested in Europe, on Spanish priest infected in Liberia (The Washington Times – Sunday, August 10, 2014): “The 75-year-old Spanish priest who became the first patient evacuated to Europe with the deadly Ebola virus now will become the first European to be treated with the experimental drug ZMapp. ..”